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вЂ interestingly, the developer of 4th Dimension, Laurent RibardiГЁre, went on to develop Wakanda, a JavaScript platform to develop and run web or mobile apps.

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Next time IвЂ™ll describe how to set up your own Mini vMac emulator.

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This article was composed using MacWrite 4.6 on an emulated Mac SE.

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The second download is a bootable disk and contains System 6.0.8 and a copy of HyperCard 2.3.5 so it can be used to start up a Mac emulator as well as run the SkullBox stack. The first download is a disk image containing only the SkullBox stack. Download SkullBox stack, HyperCard 2.3.5, System 6.0.8, utilities (bootable disk image file, 10.5MB).Download SkullBox stack (disk image file, 131K).If you have a vintage Mac emulator available you can download a floppy disk file вЂЎ and try it out for yourself: Last week I used HyperCard and the vintage Macintosh emulator Mini vMac to recreate that 1989 SkullBox stack (from memory, i.e., my memory), with a few improvements. The images posted here arenвЂ™t from that 1989 stack, which is sadly long lost to the floppy disks of history.

HyperCard was admittedly more limited than a full-colour graphics application and a web development environment, but those limitations actually enabled it to be used by anyone. While itвЂ™s certainly possible to do something like this nowadays as a web page with some JavaScript, the graphics application and web development prerequisites and the ability to upload and host a page are beyond the skills of most non-programmers, or at least what most non-programmers would ever bother to doвЂ¦ too much trouble.Д«y comparison, HyperCard allowed me to do this in one evening in an environment that melded both graphic tools and a simple, English-like programming language. The scripting was a bit trickier than IвЂ™d thought, but I delivered the finished stack to Jerry the next day. This meant that the HyperTalk script for animating the lid and the script to animate the skulls could be similar, apart from the bouncing. I wanted to have the lid fly off when clicked on, then if a skull was clicked on it would bounce around on the screen. I made a small handle icon and used that on a large Rectangle-style button as the lid of the chocolate box. That evening I started work on the HyperCard stack. People made their own recipe catalogs, address books, databases, animation stacks, tools to help them with all manner of professional, academic and hobbyist needs.

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HyperCard combined a graphics program, an object-oriented database, and software development environment in such a way that almost anyone could create their own applications, called stacks (following the metaphor of a stack of 3Г—5 note cards), enabling non-programmers to create software applications that were only limited by their creatorвЂ™s imaginations (well, and the limitations of the computers at that time). ItвЂ™s a bit hard to describe the impact of HyperCard to those who havenвЂ™t seen or used it.

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One of the things I was most enthusiastic about was a software program called HyperCard, which was distributed along with every Macintosh, as free software. IвЂ™d been working on Macs almost since the first model came out in 1984. Nowadays that same processing would take less than a few minutes. IвЂ™d start a script on Friday as I left for the weekend and the Mac would chug away to generate about 450 Excel spreadsheets, finishing up sometime on Sunday afternoon. This was used to perform searches and generate indexes from the data Jerry supplied. It had a built-in programming language that IвЂ™d extended with a scriptable macro language. I processed the data using 4th Dimension, a Mac relational database вЂ . There was actually only one student master file (the database itself), and it was changing constantly, so the university captured snapshots of the file five times per semester. Jerry was using COBOL to export data from the universityвЂ™s вЂњstudent master fileвЂќ, extracting large (25MB!) text files where each studentвЂ™s record was a 640 character wide line of columnated data that captured everything the university knew of their personal information, the classes they were taking, and their grades. Nowadays we of course take this for granted, MooreвЂ™s Law and all thatвЂ¦

ThatвЂ™s about 3000 times faster for a computer that is 2% of the cost. By comparison, my 2013 iPhone 5s (which I purchased a few years ago for $265) runs at 20,500 MIPS. The base price of one of these in todayвЂ™s dollars would be about US$13,000, this for a computer that ran 6.3 MIPS (millions of instructions per second). JerryвЂ™s job was to extract data from a large university database my job was to process that data using what was at that time the most powerful desktop computer we could find: a Macintosh IIci with 8MB of RAM.